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西非埃博拉病毒

       埃博拉病毒爆发于非洲西南部的一些国家。2014年8月,世界卫生组织(WHO)宣布该致命流行病为国际健康危机。埃博拉在西非造成了超过7000人死亡,且该传染病的受害者仍在不断增加。这是自1976年发现埃博拉病毒起最严重的一次爆发。

       最近的报道表明目前有些国家的死亡人数如下所示:

       利比亚:4000人以上

       塞拉利昂:1400人以上

       几内亚:1200人以上

       以上数字加起来翻一倍,就是该疾病致死的总人数,最近报导的是有16,000例。预计每周约有300人死于埃博拉病毒。

       据称此次爆发始于几内亚,被报导的第一个死亡病例是2013年12月28日,出现在南部与塞拉利昂接壤的一个叫Meliandou的村庄。Meliandou村有个家庭全家人都染上并死于埃博拉病毒,由于受感染的人携带病毒,之后便传染到其他村庄。

       因为不了解该疾病,不知道它是如何传染的,所以就传染到了邻国。之前在非洲的这部分区域几乎完全没有听说过有埃博拉病例,因此当地对埃博拉的了解非常局限。2013年3月,该病确诊为埃博拉,国际上便开始有了响应,这时疫情已经发展至塞拉利昂和利比亚。7月时人们以为该疾病传播到了几内亚,可8月才开始出现新病例。

       塞拉利昂的15个区中有5个被隔离,防止受感染的人群将疾病扩散。这5个区当中还包括首都弗里敦。

       塞拉利昂和利比亚关闭边界,以防止疾病的扩散。利比亚受疾病影响极其严重,是所有受感染国家中死亡人数最高的。利比亚的15个郡中有14个郡有埃博拉确诊病例,首都蒙罗维亚是确诊病例数量最高的地区之一。

       几内亚、塞拉利昂和利比亚的领导于10月恳求进一步援助,帮助对抗埃博拉病毒。医生和医疗工作者前往受灾国家提供援助。更多的物资和国际援助被送往西非,目的是阻止疾病进一步扩散。

       目前,医疗工作者正努力治疗更多的病人。因为此次爆发的规模很大,病人的数量已经超过了现有资源可治疗的容量。例如,在利比亚,全国就只有50位医生。更严重的是,没有人知道治愈埃博拉的方法或疫苗。埃博拉是传染病,通过接触受感染人群的体液就会传染。

       12月,世界卫生组织报道称疫情在几内亚已经稳定,患病人数增加的速度减缓。利比亚的情况也是如此,但塞拉利昂的疫情却开始恶化,成为三个国家中确诊病例最多的国家(有近7000人受感染)。

事件类型:埃博拉病毒
事件地点:西非- Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone
启动宪章的日期:2014年10月9日
宪章要求者:USGS 代表 National Geospatial Agency
UNITAR/UNOSAT on behalf of WHO Operations Center
项目经理:UNITAR/UNOSAT

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